What is Dwitiyā Vibhakti

द्वितीया विभक्ति or Accusative Case of the noun-form represents the "to what", "to whom" or "to where" of the sentence.
In other words nominative case represents the object or कर्म (karma) of the sentence.

Let us look at the following sentences to understand this.

Dwitiyā Vibhakti sentences in Sanskrit

1. रामः वनं गच्छति (Rama goes to the forest)
In this sentence, रामः is the subject and वनं is the object. Being the subject, रामः is in प्रथमा विभक्ति. वनं is in द्वितीया विभक्ति.

2. बाला पुस्तकं पठति (Girl reads the book)
In this sentence, बाला is the subject and पुस्तकं is the object. Being the subject, बाला is in प्रथमा विभक्ति. पुस्तकं is in द्वितीया विभक्ति.

In sentence 1 above, if we ask the question, 'where does Ram go?' the answer that we get is 'Ram goes to the forest'.
In sentence 2 above, if we ask the question, 'what does the girl read?' the answer that we get is 'Girl reads the book'.


So, in general, answer to the question 'to what', 'to where' or 'to whom' is the object of the sentence and is always in accusative case. There are some verbs (such as nī) which gave a sence of motion, we may have both direct object and destination in the sentence. In such cases, both the direct object and the destination are expressed in dwitiyā vibhakti.
नरः अश्वं वृक्षं नयते (The man leads the horse to the tree)

Examples of Dwitiyā Vibhakti in Sanskrit

Dwitiyā Vibhakti of Ram

विभक्ति	एकवचन	द्विवचन	बहुवचन
प्रथमा	रामम्	रामौ	रामान्

Dwitiyā Vibhakti of Lataa

विभक्ति	एकवचन	द्विवचन	बहुवचन
प्रथमा	लताम्	लते	लताः

Dwitiyā Vibhakti of Fal (Phal)

विभक्ति	एकवचन	द्विवचन	बहुवचन
प्रथमा	फलम्	फले	फलानि